There are 11.1 million children in the age group 0-6 years in West Bengal. Positive deviance-the West Bengal experience. Most of these cases had mild and predominantly sensory neuropathy. We found evidence of arsenic neuropathy in 37.3% (154 of 413 cases) in one group and 86.8% (33 of 38 cases) in another. Apart from generalized weakness, appetite and weight loss, and anemia, our patients had symptoms relating to involvement of the lungs, gastrointestinal system, liver, spleen, genitourinary system, hemopoietic system, eyes, nervous system, and cardiovascular system. Chronic arsenicosis is a multisystem disorder. Major dermatological signs are diffuse or spotted melanosis, leucomelanosis, and keratosis. The time of onset depends on the concentration of arsenic in the drinking water, volume of intake, and the health and nutritional status of individuals.
Symptoms of chronic arsenic toxicity developed insidiously after 6 months to 2 years or more of exposure. Of them, 3695 (20.6% including 6.11% children) in Bangladesh and 8500 (9.8% including 1.7% children) in West Bengal had arsenical dermatological features. In our preliminary study 18,000 persons in Bangladesh and 86,000 persons in West Bengal were clinically examined in arsenic-affected districts. We have so far analyzed 34,000 and 101,934 hand tube-well water samples from Bangladesh and West Bengal respectively by FI-HG-AAS of which 56% and 52%, respectively, contained arsenic above 10 microg/L and 37% and 25% arsenic above 50 microg/L. Our current data show arsenic levels above 50 microg/ L in 2000 villages, 178 police stations of 50 affected districts in Bangladesh and 2600 villages, 74 police stations/blocks of 9 affected districts in West Bengal. The area and population of 50 districts of Bangladesh and 9 districts in West Bengal are 118,849 km2 and 104.9 million and 38,865 km2 and 42.7 million, respectively.
Rahman, M M Chowdhury, U K Mukherjee, S C Mondal, B K Paul, K Lodh, D Biswas, B K Chanda, C R Basu, G K Saha, K C Roy, S Das, R Palit, S K Quamruzzaman, Q Chakraborti, Dįifty districts of Bangladesh and 9 districts in West Bengal, India have arsenic levels in groundwater above the World Health Organization's maximum permissible limit of 50 microg/L. The status of literacy of mothers and standard of living of the family are of prime importance in improving the obstetric health care practices.Ĭhronic arsenic toxicity in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India-a review and commentary. In developing countries like India, it is the poverty, which compels the women to take jobs-that too in low paid jobs especially in rural backward areas. Contrary to the popular belief the working status of women does not have favourable influence on the obstetric health care practices. While most of the family background variables have significant effect on the practice of antenatal check up, these variables do not have much effect on the choice of delivery or seeking assistance of health professionals. Husband's education and the standard of living of the family also have some effect on the practice of antenatal check up, place of delivery and assistance of health professional. Educated women have emphasized role in the practice of obstetric health care.
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In Birbhum district of West Bengal 65 percent mothers go to doctors for antenatal check-up during their pregnancy, but only 26 percent mothers deliver their babies in institutions and 30 percent mothers get the help of professional health assistants during delivery. Besides performing chi2 tests to see the association of the relevant individual and household characteristics, logistic regression was also carried out to measure the effect of these characteristics on the use of obstetric health care. The present analysis includes 495 adult married women of both rural and urban areas of nine Blocks of Birbhum district. The paper investigates the existing pattern of obstetric health care practices and the factors associated with the utilization of such care. It is one of the backward districts in India. The study area is the Birbhum district of the State of West Bengal in India. Obstetric care practice in Birbhum District, West Bengal, India.īharati, Susmita Pal, Manoranjan Bharati, Premananda
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